Türkiye dis ticaret açiklarini gidermek amaciyla 1960-1980 dönemi kismen disa kapali ithal ikameci bir politika, 1980 sonrasi ise disa açik ve ihracata dayali bir sanayilesme politikasi izlenmistir. Çalismanin amaci Türkiye 1960 sonrasi uygulanan sanayilesme stratejilerinin dis ticaret üzerine etkilerini karsilastirmali analiz yöntemiyle ortaya koymaktir. Çalismada, 1960-2019 yillarina ait dis ticaret ile ilgili veriler, Türkiye Istatistik Kurumu veri tabanindan alinmistir. Türkiye uygulanan sanayilesme stratejileri, dis ticaret açiginin giderilmesine büyük katki yapmasina ragmen, dis ticaret dengesinin saglanmasinda yeterli olmamistir. Türkiye ekonomisinde dis ticaret açiginin kalici olarak ortadan kaldirmak için katma degeri yüksek mallarin üretimini artirmaya yönelik yapisal politikalar gelistirilmelidir.

The rapid development of digital technologies has made radical reforms in social structures and has caused changes in many factors such as the way individuals do business, communicationstyles, shopping habits, socialization styles and entertainment habits. In this process, businesses, which would like to gain an edge over their competitors, have started to produce policies to use digital marketing technologies in the most effective way by developing different and new sales, promotion and marketing strategies in digital environments by using digital technologies. The aim of this study is to list the digital marketing technology alternatives that a business can utilise according to the importance of the main and sub-factors that affect the selection of digital marketing technologies, which are very important for businesses, and to determine the most appropriate one. PIV and CODAS methods, which are multi-criteria decision-making methods, were used in the study. As a result of the analysis of the data, the most suitable digital marketing technology alternative was determined as "artificial intelligence", while the "big data" alternative took the last place. It was also observed that PIV, CODAS and COPRAS methods achieved the same ranking results.

Throughout human history, society has constantly undergone changes in social, political, philosophical, religious, and scientific contexts, and each change perceived as desirable/threatening has led to the development of certain reflexes in human beings. In this context, existentialism, which is exhibited as a postmodern stance, has shaken the understanding of absolute knowledge and existence, primary value principles, artistic understanding, and finally, pedagogical understandings. The projection of existentialism in education is evaluated as the constructivist theory. Within this framework, the main objective of this study is to provide a theoretical critique of the constructivist approach that seriously shakes educational understandings. In line with this aim, four studies analyzing the impact of the constructivist learning theory on students learning have been analyzed, and it has been observed that the theory has a significant impact on students learning.

Today, technological development is experienced in many areas, and these developments are constantly updating themselves. Technological progress has greatly affected the accounting profession as it has affected many professions. Accounting information integrated into the digital environment is processed with new computer programs as well as physical documents. This situation has also changed the profile of members of the profession who practice the familiar accounting profession. Since many works that were previously done manually have been transferred to the digital environment, professional accountants are in the process of adapting to transacting in the digital environment. The purpose of this study is to determine how e-transformation in the field of accounting has an effect on the happiness and job satisfaction levels of accountants. In this direction, a questionnaire was applied to 154 professional accountants practicing their profession in Antalya. As a result of the analysis, the hypotheses used were supported, and it was determined that the happiness and job satisfaction levels of professional accountants before e-transformation were significantly higher than after e-transformation.

Bubble in asset prices; It is defined as the assets excess of real value with rapid price increases. The recent rapid price increases in housing prices also cause the existence of a bubble in housing prices in Türkiye to be questioned. In the study, the presence of a housing price bubble between January 2010 and October 2022 in across Türkiye and 3 metropolitan cities, namely Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, was analyzed with the SADF and GSADF test methods, which are RightTailed ADF tests. Nominal Hedonic New House Price Indices, Nominal Hedonic Non-new House Price Indices and Nominal House Unit Prices data for the across Türkiye and 3 metropolitan cities are provided via the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) Electronic Data Distribution System (EDDS). Due to the inflation effect, which has been particularly striking in recent years, each of the variables has been used in real terms with monthly Producer Price Inflation (PPI). In the study, in which the multiple price bubbles was determined, it is seen that the effect of the bubble extending from 2020 to the present continues across Türkiye and in 3 metropolitan cities. Ankara was the province with the lowest price bubbles in new housing, non-new housing and housing unit prices. In terms of housing unit price, Izmir draws attention as the metropolitan city that reached the highest level by surpassing Istanbul in bubble formation.

Today, technological development is experienced in many areas, and these developments are constantly updating themselves. Technological progress has greatly affected the accounting profession as it has affected many professions. Accounting information integrated into the digital environment is processed with new computer programs as well as physical documents. This situation has also changed the profile of members of the profession who practice the familiar accounting profession. Since many works that were previously done manually have been transferred to the digital environment, professional accountants are in the process of adapting to transacting in the digital environment. The purpose of this study is to determine how e-transformation in the field of accounting has an effect on the happiness and job satisfaction levels of accountants. In this direction, a questionnaire was applied to 154 professional accountants practicing their profession in Antalya. As a result of the analysis, the hypotheses used were supported, and it was determined that the happiness and job satisfaction levels of professional accountants before e-transformation were significantly higher than after e-transformation.

Employees are one of the keystones that play an important role in the survival of organizations in a sustainable competitive environment. It is a possible situation that the negative consequences of the work stress and work alienation of the employees on their productivity and performance will prevent the organization from reaching its goals. The goal of this study is to test and examine the mediating effect of hope and optimism on the effect of job stress on job alienation in women working in the private sector using a model. The studys sample consists of women who work in private sector enterprises in Isparta Province. Significant relationships were discovered between the participants perceived job stress, job alienation, hope, and optimism, according to the correlation results of a study conducted with 296 female employees. According to the findings of a SEM analysis conducted in light of the established model, job stress perceived by female employees significantly positively influenced job alienation and significantly negatively influenced hope and optimism. It is also another result of the research that the hope and optimism of the participants affects work alienation negatively and significantly. According to the findings of the mediation model, hope acted as a moderator in the relationship between job stress perceived by female employees and job alienation. Furthermore, it was discovered that female employees in the employee position had higher levels of perceived job stress and job alienation than female employees in the managerial position, while female employees in the managerial position had higher levels of hope and optimism. The studys findings are discussed in the context of previous research findings.